mrk - 電子書籍 6

The unexpected end of the protracted conflict has been a sobering experience for scholars. No theory had anticipated how the Cold War would be terminated, and none should also be relied upon to expl……続きを見る

Designed for non-native speakers of English, Twelve American Voices presents a series of entertaining and culturally rich radio documentaries by award-winning producer David Isay. These stories, whi……続きを見る

As undiversified commodity exporters, GCC economies are prone to pro-cyclical systemic risk in the financial system. During periods of high hydrocarbon prices, favorable economic prospects make the ……続きを見る

I Know About Citizenship in the World introduces topics relative to being a good citizen, and recognizing that citizenship on a global scale. It helps a person learn about their role in the world, h……続きを見る

I Know About Citizenship in the Nation introduces a reader to concepts relative to the founding of the United States of America, it's founding, the documents that changed it forever, and ways in whi……続きを見る

I Know About Fingerprinting introduces the reader to the fantastic world of fingerprinting, it's history, and it's role in identification for purposes of criminal and civil identification. Readers w……続きを見る

I Know About Environmental Science is designed to introduce someone, briefly, to the growing field of environmental science. It allows a person to research and do experiments in the fields of enviro……続きを見る

Pension reform is high on the policy agenda of many advanced and emerging market economies. In advanced economies the challenge is generally to contain future increases in public pension spending as……続きを見る

Inspired Drama Teaching is packed full of practical ideas to inspire your students and colleagues. This book offers tips and ideas on everything a teacher of secondary drama needs to cover, includin……続きを見る

Justice Under Pressure analyzes the effects of prison crowding on the justice system. The authors focus on dramatic changes in the administration of criminal justice in Texas during the 1980s and th……続きを見る

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This study discusses the evolution of domestic public debt in several indebted countries and its relationship with their external debt and underlying fiscal developments. It examines the links betwe……続きを見る

Low-income countries routinely experience exogenous disturbances�sharp swings in the terms of trade, export demand, natural disasters, and volatile financial flows�that contribute to higher volatili……続きを見る

Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and to further debate. These papers are ge……続きを見る

This paper provides a description and analysis of recent developments in international capital (banking and bond) markets and an assessment of market conditions and prospects for financing flows, in……続きを見る

More than a decade after the start of the transition process, unemployment rates remain in the double digits in a number of Central and Eastern European countries. That unemployment rates have faile……続きを見る

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This paper presents the primary institutions and economic policies that have led to Chile’s remarkable record of stability and growth over the past twenty years. The core of this policy stance is th……続きを見る

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Over the past two years, the IMF staff has been developing a new multicountry macroeconomic model called the Global Economy Model (GEM). This paper explains why such a model is needed, how GEM diffe……続きを見る

The developing economies of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) have been the recipients of a considerable volume of capital inflows in the 1990s. Given the increased integration of capital……続きを見る

Robust GDP growth, declining unemployment, low and stable inflation, and a string of fiscal and current account surpluses -- it's a record to be envied. These outcomes in Canada owe much to sound ma……続きを見る

Over the past decade, rising oil prices have translated into high levels of public investment in most MENA and CCA oil exporters. This has prompted questions about the efficiency of public investmen……続きを見る

Edited by one of the best-known and most widely respected figures in the field, "Planning for Information Systems" is a comprehensive, single source overview of the myriad ideas and processes that a……続きを見る

Sweden has long been viewed as epitomizing a particular approach to economic and social policy. To its advocates, the Swedish welfare state builds on a strong social consensus favoring extensive sta……続きを見る

The Southern African Customs Union (SACU) is the oldest customs union in the world, with significant opportunities ahead for creating higher economic growth and increased welfare benefits to the peo……続きを見る

The SDN discusses the main policy issues and challenges in building an inclusive and safe Islamic finance industry, with emphasis on Islamic banking and Sukuk markets. To this end, it discuses why I……続きを見る

Value-added tax, or VAT, first introduced less than 50 years ago, is now a pivotal component of tax systems around the world. The rapid and seemingly irresistible rise of the VAT is probably the mos……続きを見る

Latin America’s bold fiscal policy reaction to the global financial crisis was hailed as a sign that the region had finally overcome its procyclical fiscal past. However, most countries of the regio……続きを見る

Latin America’s bold fiscal policy reaction to the global financial crisis was hailed as a sign that the region had finally overcome its procyclical fiscal past. However, most countries of the regio……続きを見る